🐣
Reading List
  • Starting point
  • Reference list
  • PhD application guidelines
  • Big Data System
    • Index
      • Architecture
        • Storage
          • Sun's Network File System (NFS)
      • Execution Engine, Resource Negotiator, Schedulers
        • Execution Engines
        • Resource Negotiator
        • Schedulers
      • Machine Learning
      • SQL Framework
      • Stream Processing
      • Graph Processing
      • Potpourri: Hardware, Serverless and Approximation
  • Operating System
    • Index
      • OSTEP
        • Virtualization
          • CPU Abstraction: the Process
          • Interlude: Process API
          • Mechanism: Limited Direct Execution
        • Intro
  • Networking
    • Index
      • CS 294 (Distributed System)
        • Week 1 - Global State and Clocks
          • Distributed Snapshots: Determining Global States of Distributed Systems
          • Time, Clocks, and the Ordering of Events in a Distributed System
        • Weak 5 - Weak Consistency
          • Dynamo: Amazon's Highly Available Key-value Store
          • Replicating Data Consistency Explained Through Baseball
          • Managing update conflicts in Bayou, a weakly connected replicated storage system
      • CS 268 (Adv Network)
        • Intro
        • Internet Architecture
          • Towards an Active Network Architecture
          • The Design Philosophy of the DARPA Internet Protocols
        • Beyond best-effort/Unicast
          • Core Based Trees (CBT)
          • Multicast Routing in Internetworks and Extended LANs
        • Congestion Control
        • SDN
          • ONIX: A Distributed Control Platform for Large-scale Production Networks
          • B4: Experience with a Globally-Deployed Software Defined WAN
          • How SDN will shape networking
          • The Future of Networking, and the Past of Protocols
        • Datacenter Networking
          • Fat tree
          • Jellyfish
        • BGP
          • The Case for Separating Routing from Routers
        • Programmable Network
          • NetCache
          • RMT
        • Datacenter Congestion Control
          • Swift
          • pFabric
        • WAN CC
          • Starvation (Sigcomm 22)
        • P2P
          • Design and Evaluation of IPFS: A Storage Layer for the Decentralized Web
          • The Impact of DHT Routing Geometry on Resilience and Proximity
        • Net SW
          • mTCP
          • The Click modular router
        • NFV
          • Performance Interfaces for Network Functions
          • Making Middleboxes Someone Else's Problem: Network Processing as a Cloud Service
        • Ethics
          • On the morals of network research and beyond
          • The collateral damage of internet censorship by DNS injection
          • Encore: Lightweight Measurement of Web Censorship with Cross-Origin Requests
        • Low Latency
          • Aquila: A unified, low-latency fabric for datacenter networks
          • cISP: A Speed-of-Light Internet Service Provider
        • Disaggregation
          • Network Requirements for Resource Disaggregation
        • Tenant Networking
          • Invisinets
          • NetHint: While-Box Networking for Multi-Tenant Data Centers
        • Verification
          • A General Approach to Network Configuration Verification
          • Header Space Analysis: Static Checking for Networks
        • ML
          • SwitchML
          • Fast Distributed Deep Learning over RDMA
      • Computer Networking: A Top-Down Approach
        • Chapter 1. Computer Network and the Internet
          • 1.1 What Is the Internet?
          • 1.2 The Network Edge
          • 1.3 The Network Core
        • Stanford CS144
          • Chapter 1
            • 1.1 A Day in the Life of an Application
            • 1.2 The 4-Layer Internet Model
            • 1.3 The IP Service Model
            • 1.4 A Day in the Life of a Packet
            • 1.6 Layering Principle
            • 1.7 Encapsulation Principle
            • 1.8 Memory layout and Endianness
            • 1.9 IPv4 Addresses
            • 1.10 Longest Prefix Match
            • 1.11 Address Resolution Protocol (ARP)
            • 1.12 The Internet and IP Recap
      • Reading list
        • Elastic hyperparameter tuning on the cloud
        • Rethinking Networking Abstractions for Cloud Tenants
        • Democratizing Cellular Access with AnyCell
        • Dagger: Efficient and Fast RPCs in Cloud Microservices in Near-Memory Reconfigurable NICs
        • Sage: Practical & Scalable ML-Driven Performance Debugging in Microservices
        • Faster and Cheaper Serverless Computing on Harvested Resources
        • Network-accelerated Distributed Machine Learning for Multi-Tenant Settings
        • User-Defined Cloud
        • LegoOS: A Disseminated Distributed OS for Hardware Resource Disaggregation
        • Beyond Jain's Fairness Index: Setting the Bar For The Deployment of Congestion Control Algorithms
        • IncBricks: Toward In-Network Computation with an In-Network Cache
  • Persistence
    • Index
      • Hardware
        • Enhancing Lifetime and Security of PCM-Based Main Memory with Start-Gap Wear Leveling
        • An Empirical Guide to the Behavior and Use of Scalable Persistent Memory
  • Database
    • Index
  • Group
    • WISR Group
      • Group
        • Offloading distributed applications onto smartNICs using iPipe
        • Semeru: A memory-disaggregated managed runtime
      • Cache
        • Index
          • TACK: Improving Wireless Transport Performance by Taming Acknowledgements
          • LHD: Improving Cache Hit Rate by Maximizing Hit Density
          • AdaptSize: Orchestrating the Hot Object Memory Cache in a Content Delivery Network
          • Clustered Bandits
          • Important Sampling
          • Contexual Bandits and Reinforcement Learning
          • Reinforcement Learning for Caching with Space-Time Popularity Dynamics
          • Hyperbolic Caching: Flexible Caching for Web Applications
          • Learning Cache Replacement with CACHEUS
          • Footprint Descriptors: Theory and Practice of Cache Provisioning in a Global CDN
      • Hyperparam Exploration
        • Bayesian optimization in cloud machine learning engine
    • Shivaram's Group
      • Tools
      • Group papers
        • PushdownDB: Accelerating a DBMS using S3 Computation
        • Declarative Machine Learning Systems
        • P3: Distributed Deep Graph Learning at Scale
        • Accelerating Graph Sampling for Graph Machine Learning using GPUs
        • Unicorn: A System for Searching the Social Graph
        • Dorylus: Affordable, Scalable, and Accurate GNN Training with Distributed CPU Servers and Serverless
        • Garaph: Efficient GPU-accelerated GraphProcessing on a Single Machine with Balanced Replication
        • MOSAIC: Processing a Trillion-Edge Graph on a Single Machine
        • Fluid: Resource-aware Hyperparameter Tuning Engine
        • Lists
          • Wavelet: Efficient DNN Training with Tick-Tock Scheduling
          • GPU Lifetimes on Titan Supercomputer: Survival Analysis and Reliability
          • ZeRO-Infinity and DeepSpeed: Unlocking unprecedented model scale for deep learning training
          • ZeRO-Infinity: Breaking the GPU Memory Wall for Extreme Scale Deep Learning
          • KungFu: Making Training inDistributed Machine Learning Adaptive
        • Disk ANN
      • Queries Processing
        • Building An Elastic Query Engine on Disaggregated Storage
        • GRIP: Multi-Store Capacity-Optimized High-Performance NN Search
        • Milvus: A Purpose-Built Vector Data Management System
        • Query2box: Reasoning over Knowledge Graphs in Vector Space using Box Embeddings
        • Billion-scale Approximate Nearest Neighbor Search
        • DiskANN: Fast accurate billion-point nearest neighbor search on a single node
        • KGvec2go - Knowledge Graph Embeddings as a Service
    • Seminar & Talk
      • Berkeley System Seminar
        • RR: Engineering Record and Replay for Deployability
        • Immortal Threads: Multithreaded Event-driven Intermittent Computing on Ultra-Low-Power Microcontroll
      • Berkeley DB Seminar
        • TAOBench: An End-to-End Benchmark for Social Network Workloads
      • PS2
      • Sky Seminar Series
        • Spring 23
          • Next-Generation Optical Networks for Emerging ML Workloads
      • Reading List
        • Confluo: Distributed Monitoring and Diagnosis Stack for High-speed Networks
        • Rearchitecting Linux Storage Stack for µs Latency and High Throughput
        • eBPF: rethinking the linux kernel
        • BPF for Storage: An Exokernel-Inspired Approach
        • High Velocity Kernel File Systems with Bento
        • Incremental Path Towards a Safe OS Kernel
        • Toward Reconfigurable Kernel Datapaths with Learned Optimizations
        • A Vision for Runtime Programmable Networks
        • The Demikernel and the future of kernal-bypass systems
        • Floem: A programming system for NIC-accelerated network applications
        • High Performance Data Center Operating Systems
        • Leveraging Service Meshes as a New Network Layer
        • Automatically Discovering Machine Learning Optimizations
        • Beyond Data and Model Parallelism for Deep Neural Networks
        • IOS: Inter-Operator Scheduler for CNN Acceleration
        • Building An Elastic Query Engine on Disaggregated Storage
        • Sundial: Fault-tolerant Clock Synchronization for Datacenters
        • MIND: In-Network Memory Management for Disaggregated Data Centers
        • Understanding host network stack overheads
        • From Laptop to Lambda: Outsourcing Everyday Jobs to Thousands of Transient Functional Containers
        • Redesigning Storage Systems for Future Workloads Hardware and Performance Requirements
        • Are Machine Learning Cloud APIs Used Correctly?
        • Fault-tolerant and transactional stateful serverless workflows
      • Reading Groups
        • Network reading group
          • Recap
          • ML & Networking
            • Video Streaming
              • Overview
              • Reducto: On-Camera Filtering for Resource Efficient Real-Time Video Analytics
              • Learning in situ: a randomized experiment in video streaming
              • SENSEI: Aligning Video Streaming Quality with Dynamic User Sensitivity
              • Neural Adaptive Video Streaming with Pensieve
              • Server-Driven Video Streaming for Deep Learning Inference
            • Congestion Control
              • ABC: A Simple Explicit Congestion Controller for Wireless Networks
              • TCP Congestion Control: A Systems Approach
                • Chapter 1: Introduction
              • A Deep Reinforcement Learning Perspective on Internet Congestion Control
              • Pantheon: the training ground for Internet congestion-control research
            • Other
              • On the Use of ML for Blackbox System Performance Prediction
              • Marauder: Synergized Caching and Prefetching for Low-Risk Mobile App Acceleration
              • Horcrux: Automatic JavaScript Parallelism for Resource-Efficient Web Computation
              • Snicket: Query-Driven Distributed Tracing
            • Workshop
          • Homa: A Receiver-Driven Low-Latency Transport Protocol Using Network Priorities
        • DB reading group
          • CliqueMap: Productionizing an RMA-Based Distributed Caching System
          • Hash maps overview
          • Dark Silicon and the End of Multicore Scaling
        • WISR
          • pFabric: Minimal Near-Optimal Datacenter Transport
          • Scaling Distributed Machine Learning within-Network Aggregation
          • WCMP: Weighted Cost Multipathing for Improved Fairness in Data Centers
          • Data center TCP (DCTCP)
      • Wisconsin Seminar
        • Enabling Hyperscale Web Services
        • The Lottery Ticket Hypothesis
        • External Merge Sort for Top-K Queries: Eager input filtering guided by histograms
      • Stanford MLSys Seminar
        • Episode 17
        • Episode 18
  • Cloud Computing
    • Index
      • Cloud Reading Group
        • Owl: Scale and Flexibility in Distribution of Hot Contents
        • RubberBand: cloud-based hyperparameter tuning
  • Distributed System
    • Distributed Systems Lecture Series
      • 1.1 Introduction
  • Conference
    • Index
      • Stanford Graph Learning Workshop
        • Overview of Graph Representation Learning
      • NSDI 2022
      • OSDI 21
        • Graph Embeddings and Neural Networks
        • Data Management
        • Storage
        • Preview
        • Optimizations and Scheduling for ML
          • Oort: Efficient Federated Learning via Guided Participant Selection
          • PET: Optimizing Tensor Programs with Partially Equivalent Transformations and Automated Corrections
      • HotOS 21
        • FlexOS: Making OS Isolation Flexible
      • NSDI 21
        • Distributed System
          • Fault-Tolerant Replication with Pull-Based Consensus in MongoDB
          • Ownership: A Distributed Futures System for Fine-Grained Tasks
          • Caerus: NIMBLE Task Scheduling for Serverless Analytics
          • Ship Computer or Data? Why not both?
          • EPaxos Revisited
          • MilliSort and MilliQuery: Large-Scale Data-Intensive Computing in Milliseconds
        • TEGRA: Efficient Ad-Hoc Analytics on Evolving Graphs
        • GAIA: A System for Interactive Analysis on Distributed Graphs Using a High-Level Language
      • CIDR 21
        • Cerebro: A Layered Data Platform for Scalable Deep Learning
        • Magpie: Python at Speed and Scale using Cloud Backends
        • Lightweight Inspection of Data Preprocessingin Native Machine Learning Pipelines
        • Lakehouse: A New Generation of Open Platforms that UnifyData Warehousing and Advanced Analytics
      • MLSys 21
        • Chips and Compilers Symposium
        • Support sparse computations in ML
      • SOSP 21
        • SmartNic
          • LineFS: Efficient SmartNIC offload of a distributed file system with pipeline parallelism
          • Xenic: SmartNIC-accelerated distributed transacitions
        • Graphs
          • Mycelium: Large-Scale Distributed Graph Queries with Differential Privacy
          • dSpace: Composable Abstractions for Smart Spaces
        • Consistency
          • Efficient and Scalable Thread-Safety Violation Detection
          • Understanding and Detecting Software Upgrade Failures in Distributed Systems
        • NVM
          • HeMem: Scalable Tiered Memory Management for Big Data Applications and Real NVM
        • Learning
          • Bladerunner: Stream Processing at Scale for a Live View of Backend Data Mutations at the Edge
          • Faster and Cheaper Serverless Computing on Harvested Resources
  • Random
    • Reading List
      • Random Thoughts
      • Hesse
      • Anxiety
  • Grad School
    • Index
      • Resources for undergraduate students
Powered by GitBook
On this page

Was this helpful?

  1. Conference
  2. Index
  3. SOSP 21
  4. Learning

Faster and Cheaper Serverless Computing on Harvested Resources

https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3477132.3483580

PreviousBladerunner: Stream Processing at Scale for a Live View of Backend Data Mutations at the EdgeNextReading List

Last updated 3 years ago

Was this helpful?

Presentation

  • Serverless computing

    • User's angle

      • Pay per use

      • No worry about VMs

      • Most popular offering - function as a service (FaaS)

        • Bounded completion time with no persistent states between invocations

    • FaaS Provider's angle

      • Provision, manage, and pay laaS providers for hosting VMs

  • Harvested Resources in Datacenters

    • IaaS providers offer surplus resources as VMs

      • Harvest VM

        • Allocated with a minimum size

        • Grows and shrinks to harvest all unallocated resources

        • Only evicted if minimum size is needed for a regular VM

        • Grace period before eviction (e.g., 30 seconds in Azure)

  • Characterization - Harvest VMs

    • Eviction:

      • >90% harvest VMs live longer than 1 day

      • >60% Harvest VMs live longer than 1 month

      • Harvest VM evictions are generally infrequent

    • Resource variation:

      • >70% intervals longer than 10 minutes

      • ~35% intervals longer 1 hour

      • Resource variation much more frequent than evictions

  • Characterization - FaaS workloads

    • Invocation duration & VM grace period

      • Long invocation - longer than 30s (VM eviction grace period)

      • Long application - at least 1 invocation longer than 30 seconds

      • Short invocations can always terminate in VM grace period

    • 96% invocations shorter than 30 seconds

    • Long invocations take over 82% of the total execution time

    • Application's angle

      • 48.7% applications are long applications

      • Long applications take over 99.7% of the total execution time

      • Nearly half of the applications are long, and long applications take over almost all the execution time

  • Take-aways

    • FaaS workloads are a good fit for Harvest VMs

      • Short invocation durations

      • Relatively long harvest VM lifetime

    • Harvest VM resource variation much more common than evictions

    • Long applications take the vast majority of the total execution time

  • Handling Evictions

    • How to eliminate or minimize invocation failure caused by Harvest VM evictions?

      • Use a mix of Harvest VMs and regular VMs

      • Strategies with different tradeoff between reliability and efficiency

        • No failure: guaranteed no failure

          • Guarantee no invocation failure caused by Harvest VM evictions

          • Assign all long applications to regular VMs

          • Efficiency?

            • Fraction of computation hosted by cheap Harvest VMs

            • 12% of computation capacity hosted by Harvest VMs

        • Bounded failure

          • Upper bound (100 - x)% per application eviction failure rate

          • Assign application to regular VM if xth duration percentile longer than 30s

            • Worst case: all long invocations on Harvest VM fails --> (100-x)% failure rate

          • How about efficiency?

            • Failure rate < 1% --> 45.7% computation hosted by Harvest VMs

            • Failure rate < 0.1% --> 28% computation hosted by Harvest VMs

        • Live and Let Die

          • No guarantee on failure rate

          • All applications on Harvest VMs

          • How about reliability?

            • Invocation failure rate

              • Worst: 99.99% success rate

              • 7 nines of reliability

            • Failure require two low-probability events to happen simultaneously

              • A harvest VM gets evicted while it is running a long invocation

          • Best efficiency and actual low failure rate

  • Handling Resource Variability

    • Join-the-shortest-queue (JSQ) leads to high cold start rate

      • Invocations of the same application distributed across all VMs

      • Inter-arrival time longer than container keep-alive

    • Min-worker-set (MWS)

      • Consolidates each application to a minimal set of backend

      • Shorter inter-arrival time --> warm starts

      • Consistent hashing to minimize reshuffling of home VMs

  • Implementation on OpenWhisk

    • Harvest Monitor

      • Collects resource information & eviction signal

    • Controller

      • Maintains data from Harvest Monitor

      • Implement MWS

    • Resource monitor

      • Tracks resource variation in the system

      • Spins up new VMs to maintain available resources

Evaluation

Conclusion

  • To host serverless platforms on harvested resources

  • Quantify the challenges of using harvested resources for serverless invocations, including Harvest VM evictions and resource variation

  • Demonstrate the reliability of hosting serverless workloads on harvested resources

  • Demonstrate the performance and economic benefits of hosting serverless platforms on harvested resources