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Reading List
  • Starting point
  • Reference list
  • PhD application guidelines
  • Big Data System
    • Index
      • Architecture
        • Storage
          • Sun's Network File System (NFS)
      • Execution Engine, Resource Negotiator, Schedulers
        • Execution Engines
        • Resource Negotiator
        • Schedulers
      • Machine Learning
      • SQL Framework
      • Stream Processing
      • Graph Processing
      • Potpourri: Hardware, Serverless and Approximation
  • Operating System
    • Index
      • OSTEP
        • Virtualization
          • CPU Abstraction: the Process
          • Interlude: Process API
          • Mechanism: Limited Direct Execution
        • Intro
  • Networking
    • Index
      • CS 294 (Distributed System)
        • Week 1 - Global State and Clocks
          • Distributed Snapshots: Determining Global States of Distributed Systems
          • Time, Clocks, and the Ordering of Events in a Distributed System
        • Weak 5 - Weak Consistency
          • Dynamo: Amazon's Highly Available Key-value Store
          • Replicating Data Consistency Explained Through Baseball
          • Managing update conflicts in Bayou, a weakly connected replicated storage system
      • CS 268 (Adv Network)
        • Intro
        • Internet Architecture
          • Towards an Active Network Architecture
          • The Design Philosophy of the DARPA Internet Protocols
        • Beyond best-effort/Unicast
          • Core Based Trees (CBT)
          • Multicast Routing in Internetworks and Extended LANs
        • Congestion Control
        • SDN
          • ONIX: A Distributed Control Platform for Large-scale Production Networks
          • B4: Experience with a Globally-Deployed Software Defined WAN
          • How SDN will shape networking
          • The Future of Networking, and the Past of Protocols
        • Datacenter Networking
          • Fat tree
          • Jellyfish
        • BGP
          • The Case for Separating Routing from Routers
        • Programmable Network
          • NetCache
          • RMT
        • Datacenter Congestion Control
          • Swift
          • pFabric
        • WAN CC
          • Starvation (Sigcomm 22)
        • P2P
          • Design and Evaluation of IPFS: A Storage Layer for the Decentralized Web
          • The Impact of DHT Routing Geometry on Resilience and Proximity
        • Net SW
          • mTCP
          • The Click modular router
        • NFV
          • Performance Interfaces for Network Functions
          • Making Middleboxes Someone Else's Problem: Network Processing as a Cloud Service
        • Ethics
          • On the morals of network research and beyond
          • The collateral damage of internet censorship by DNS injection
          • Encore: Lightweight Measurement of Web Censorship with Cross-Origin Requests
        • Low Latency
          • Aquila: A unified, low-latency fabric for datacenter networks
          • cISP: A Speed-of-Light Internet Service Provider
        • Disaggregation
          • Network Requirements for Resource Disaggregation
        • Tenant Networking
          • Invisinets
          • NetHint: While-Box Networking for Multi-Tenant Data Centers
        • Verification
          • A General Approach to Network Configuration Verification
          • Header Space Analysis: Static Checking for Networks
        • ML
          • SwitchML
          • Fast Distributed Deep Learning over RDMA
      • Computer Networking: A Top-Down Approach
        • Chapter 1. Computer Network and the Internet
          • 1.1 What Is the Internet?
          • 1.2 The Network Edge
          • 1.3 The Network Core
        • Stanford CS144
          • Chapter 1
            • 1.1 A Day in the Life of an Application
            • 1.2 The 4-Layer Internet Model
            • 1.3 The IP Service Model
            • 1.4 A Day in the Life of a Packet
            • 1.6 Layering Principle
            • 1.7 Encapsulation Principle
            • 1.8 Memory layout and Endianness
            • 1.9 IPv4 Addresses
            • 1.10 Longest Prefix Match
            • 1.11 Address Resolution Protocol (ARP)
            • 1.12 The Internet and IP Recap
      • Reading list
        • Elastic hyperparameter tuning on the cloud
        • Rethinking Networking Abstractions for Cloud Tenants
        • Democratizing Cellular Access with AnyCell
        • Dagger: Efficient and Fast RPCs in Cloud Microservices in Near-Memory Reconfigurable NICs
        • Sage: Practical & Scalable ML-Driven Performance Debugging in Microservices
        • Faster and Cheaper Serverless Computing on Harvested Resources
        • Network-accelerated Distributed Machine Learning for Multi-Tenant Settings
        • User-Defined Cloud
        • LegoOS: A Disseminated Distributed OS for Hardware Resource Disaggregation
        • Beyond Jain's Fairness Index: Setting the Bar For The Deployment of Congestion Control Algorithms
        • IncBricks: Toward In-Network Computation with an In-Network Cache
  • Persistence
    • Index
      • Hardware
        • Enhancing Lifetime and Security of PCM-Based Main Memory with Start-Gap Wear Leveling
        • An Empirical Guide to the Behavior and Use of Scalable Persistent Memory
  • Database
    • Index
  • Group
    • WISR Group
      • Group
        • Offloading distributed applications onto smartNICs using iPipe
        • Semeru: A memory-disaggregated managed runtime
      • Cache
        • Index
          • TACK: Improving Wireless Transport Performance by Taming Acknowledgements
          • LHD: Improving Cache Hit Rate by Maximizing Hit Density
          • AdaptSize: Orchestrating the Hot Object Memory Cache in a Content Delivery Network
          • Clustered Bandits
          • Important Sampling
          • Contexual Bandits and Reinforcement Learning
          • Reinforcement Learning for Caching with Space-Time Popularity Dynamics
          • Hyperbolic Caching: Flexible Caching for Web Applications
          • Learning Cache Replacement with CACHEUS
          • Footprint Descriptors: Theory and Practice of Cache Provisioning in a Global CDN
      • Hyperparam Exploration
        • Bayesian optimization in cloud machine learning engine
    • Shivaram's Group
      • Tools
      • Group papers
        • PushdownDB: Accelerating a DBMS using S3 Computation
        • Declarative Machine Learning Systems
        • P3: Distributed Deep Graph Learning at Scale
        • Accelerating Graph Sampling for Graph Machine Learning using GPUs
        • Unicorn: A System for Searching the Social Graph
        • Dorylus: Affordable, Scalable, and Accurate GNN Training with Distributed CPU Servers and Serverless
        • Garaph: Efficient GPU-accelerated GraphProcessing on a Single Machine with Balanced Replication
        • MOSAIC: Processing a Trillion-Edge Graph on a Single Machine
        • Fluid: Resource-aware Hyperparameter Tuning Engine
        • Lists
          • Wavelet: Efficient DNN Training with Tick-Tock Scheduling
          • GPU Lifetimes on Titan Supercomputer: Survival Analysis and Reliability
          • ZeRO-Infinity and DeepSpeed: Unlocking unprecedented model scale for deep learning training
          • ZeRO-Infinity: Breaking the GPU Memory Wall for Extreme Scale Deep Learning
          • KungFu: Making Training inDistributed Machine Learning Adaptive
        • Disk ANN
      • Queries Processing
        • Building An Elastic Query Engine on Disaggregated Storage
        • GRIP: Multi-Store Capacity-Optimized High-Performance NN Search
        • Milvus: A Purpose-Built Vector Data Management System
        • Query2box: Reasoning over Knowledge Graphs in Vector Space using Box Embeddings
        • Billion-scale Approximate Nearest Neighbor Search
        • DiskANN: Fast accurate billion-point nearest neighbor search on a single node
        • KGvec2go - Knowledge Graph Embeddings as a Service
    • Seminar & Talk
      • Berkeley System Seminar
        • RR: Engineering Record and Replay for Deployability
        • Immortal Threads: Multithreaded Event-driven Intermittent Computing on Ultra-Low-Power Microcontroll
      • Berkeley DB Seminar
        • TAOBench: An End-to-End Benchmark for Social Network Workloads
      • PS2
      • Sky Seminar Series
        • Spring 23
          • Next-Generation Optical Networks for Emerging ML Workloads
      • Reading List
        • Confluo: Distributed Monitoring and Diagnosis Stack for High-speed Networks
        • Rearchitecting Linux Storage Stack for µs Latency and High Throughput
        • eBPF: rethinking the linux kernel
        • BPF for Storage: An Exokernel-Inspired Approach
        • High Velocity Kernel File Systems with Bento
        • Incremental Path Towards a Safe OS Kernel
        • Toward Reconfigurable Kernel Datapaths with Learned Optimizations
        • A Vision for Runtime Programmable Networks
        • The Demikernel and the future of kernal-bypass systems
        • Floem: A programming system for NIC-accelerated network applications
        • High Performance Data Center Operating Systems
        • Leveraging Service Meshes as a New Network Layer
        • Automatically Discovering Machine Learning Optimizations
        • Beyond Data and Model Parallelism for Deep Neural Networks
        • IOS: Inter-Operator Scheduler for CNN Acceleration
        • Building An Elastic Query Engine on Disaggregated Storage
        • Sundial: Fault-tolerant Clock Synchronization for Datacenters
        • MIND: In-Network Memory Management for Disaggregated Data Centers
        • Understanding host network stack overheads
        • From Laptop to Lambda: Outsourcing Everyday Jobs to Thousands of Transient Functional Containers
        • Redesigning Storage Systems for Future Workloads Hardware and Performance Requirements
        • Are Machine Learning Cloud APIs Used Correctly?
        • Fault-tolerant and transactional stateful serverless workflows
      • Reading Groups
        • Network reading group
          • Recap
          • ML & Networking
            • Video Streaming
              • Overview
              • Reducto: On-Camera Filtering for Resource Efficient Real-Time Video Analytics
              • Learning in situ: a randomized experiment in video streaming
              • SENSEI: Aligning Video Streaming Quality with Dynamic User Sensitivity
              • Neural Adaptive Video Streaming with Pensieve
              • Server-Driven Video Streaming for Deep Learning Inference
            • Congestion Control
              • ABC: A Simple Explicit Congestion Controller for Wireless Networks
              • TCP Congestion Control: A Systems Approach
                • Chapter 1: Introduction
              • A Deep Reinforcement Learning Perspective on Internet Congestion Control
              • Pantheon: the training ground for Internet congestion-control research
            • Other
              • On the Use of ML for Blackbox System Performance Prediction
              • Marauder: Synergized Caching and Prefetching for Low-Risk Mobile App Acceleration
              • Horcrux: Automatic JavaScript Parallelism for Resource-Efficient Web Computation
              • Snicket: Query-Driven Distributed Tracing
            • Workshop
          • Homa: A Receiver-Driven Low-Latency Transport Protocol Using Network Priorities
        • DB reading group
          • CliqueMap: Productionizing an RMA-Based Distributed Caching System
          • Hash maps overview
          • Dark Silicon and the End of Multicore Scaling
        • WISR
          • pFabric: Minimal Near-Optimal Datacenter Transport
          • Scaling Distributed Machine Learning within-Network Aggregation
          • WCMP: Weighted Cost Multipathing for Improved Fairness in Data Centers
          • Data center TCP (DCTCP)
      • Wisconsin Seminar
        • Enabling Hyperscale Web Services
        • The Lottery Ticket Hypothesis
        • External Merge Sort for Top-K Queries: Eager input filtering guided by histograms
      • Stanford MLSys Seminar
        • Episode 17
        • Episode 18
  • Cloud Computing
    • Index
      • Cloud Reading Group
        • Owl: Scale and Flexibility in Distribution of Hot Contents
        • RubberBand: cloud-based hyperparameter tuning
  • Distributed System
    • Distributed Systems Lecture Series
      • 1.1 Introduction
  • Conference
    • Index
      • Stanford Graph Learning Workshop
        • Overview of Graph Representation Learning
      • NSDI 2022
      • OSDI 21
        • Graph Embeddings and Neural Networks
        • Data Management
        • Storage
        • Preview
        • Optimizations and Scheduling for ML
          • Oort: Efficient Federated Learning via Guided Participant Selection
          • PET: Optimizing Tensor Programs with Partially Equivalent Transformations and Automated Corrections
      • HotOS 21
        • FlexOS: Making OS Isolation Flexible
      • NSDI 21
        • Distributed System
          • Fault-Tolerant Replication with Pull-Based Consensus in MongoDB
          • Ownership: A Distributed Futures System for Fine-Grained Tasks
          • Caerus: NIMBLE Task Scheduling for Serverless Analytics
          • Ship Computer or Data? Why not both?
          • EPaxos Revisited
          • MilliSort and MilliQuery: Large-Scale Data-Intensive Computing in Milliseconds
        • TEGRA: Efficient Ad-Hoc Analytics on Evolving Graphs
        • GAIA: A System for Interactive Analysis on Distributed Graphs Using a High-Level Language
      • CIDR 21
        • Cerebro: A Layered Data Platform for Scalable Deep Learning
        • Magpie: Python at Speed and Scale using Cloud Backends
        • Lightweight Inspection of Data Preprocessingin Native Machine Learning Pipelines
        • Lakehouse: A New Generation of Open Platforms that UnifyData Warehousing and Advanced Analytics
      • MLSys 21
        • Chips and Compilers Symposium
        • Support sparse computations in ML
      • SOSP 21
        • SmartNic
          • LineFS: Efficient SmartNIC offload of a distributed file system with pipeline parallelism
          • Xenic: SmartNIC-accelerated distributed transacitions
        • Graphs
          • Mycelium: Large-Scale Distributed Graph Queries with Differential Privacy
          • dSpace: Composable Abstractions for Smart Spaces
        • Consistency
          • Efficient and Scalable Thread-Safety Violation Detection
          • Understanding and Detecting Software Upgrade Failures in Distributed Systems
        • NVM
          • HeMem: Scalable Tiered Memory Management for Big Data Applications and Real NVM
        • Learning
          • Bladerunner: Stream Processing at Scale for a Live View of Backend Data Mutations at the Edge
          • Faster and Cheaper Serverless Computing on Harvested Resources
  • Random
    • Reading List
      • Random Thoughts
      • Hesse
      • Anxiety
  • Grad School
    • Index
      • Resources for undergraduate students
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On this page
  • Problem
  • Main insight
  • Key strengths
  • Key weakness
  • Comments / Thoughts
  • Enjoy or not

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  1. Networking
  2. Index
  3. CS 268 (Adv Network)
  4. Datacenter Congestion Control

pFabric

Problem

  • Interactive soft real-time applications demand low latency for every short request and response flow. The FCT for short flows in the deployed TCP-based fabrics was too long (i.e. tens of ms as compared to 10-20ms in theory). To reduce the FCT, new datacenter transport designs either use implicit signal for rate control or use explicit computed rate to schedule flow. These approaches are either imprecise in determining the right flow rates to optimal schedule flows or rather complex to implement in practice.

  • The problem is, for datacenter workloads, how to minimize the average FCT (or maximize the number of deadlines met) with a minimal practical design (i.e. ensure that short, high-priority flows see very low latency and long flows fully utilize the network).

Main insight

  • The paper presents a minimalistic datacenter transport design that provides theoretically optimal flow completion times even at the 99th percentile for short flows, while minimizing average flow completion time for long flows.

  • The key insight is to decouple flow scheduling from rate control.

  • On the one hand, packets carry a single priority number in the headers, which is set independently by each flow. Switches have very small buffers. In a greedy and local fashion, individual switch conducts flow scheduling and dropping mechanism based on assigned priority in the packets. Priority flow scheduling ensures short flows to be completed with low latency.

  • On the other hand, rate control is minimal as all flows start at line-rate and throttle their sending rate only when high and persistent loss is observed. Minimal rate control ensures that congestion collapse event is properly handled and the network is fully utilized.

Key strengths

  • Simplicity: theoretically, pFabric requires no flow state or complex exact rate calculations at the switches, no large switch buffering requirements, no explicit network feedback, and no complex congestion control mechanisms at the end host.

  • Performance: extensive simulation experiments illustrate that pFabric can achieve near-optimal flow completion time both on average, and at the 99th percentile for short flows at loads as high as 80% of network fabric capacity.

Key weakness

  • All results are from simulations, and no results from prototype implementations shown. Though there's an analysis session on the feasibility of the implementation.

  • Strictly prioritizing small flows may starve long flows; malicious behaviors can split large flows to gain advantages, and these are not handled in the current design.

  • It requires modification on both the end-host and switches. Switch needs to maintain priority queue. End-host applications need to indicate the flow size or the deadlines, which might be not known at initiation time.

Comments / Thoughts

  • For the benchmarking workloads, I wonder whether the web search and data mining workloads are representative enough.

  • What if the priorities are arbitrarily set by the applications (not corresponding to the deadline or size)?

Enjoy or not

  • Yes! Clearly structured, intuitive and elegant design principals, clean presentation, extensive experiment results. I also enjoy reading the conceptual view of flow scheduling over a datacenter fabric.

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Last updated 2 years ago

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